먼저 스와힐리어 발음에 대해 배워보겠습니다.
스와힐리어 발음
Swahili______as in English______Examples
a--------------------------ah!-----------------------baba-----"father"
e--------------------------say----------------------wewe----"you"
i---------------------------be------------------------kiti-------"chair"
o--------------------------ho!-----------------------moto----"fire"
u--------------------------too-----------------------tu--------"only, just"
1. p t kThese are similar to English voiceless stops, but they can be
aspirated or unaspirated. That is, speaking the first two words
below would release a burst of air that would rustle a sheet of
paper held in front of the speaker's mouth; for the second set
of words, the sheet of paper would remain still. Generally, initial
p, t, and k of class 9/10 nominals are aspirated in contrast to
initial p, t, and k of class 5 nominals:paa [p(h)aa] 'gazelle'
kaa [k(h)aa] 'crab'versuspaa 'roof' tkaa 'piece of charcoal'
2. b d g
As English voiced stops, but they are imploded, that is, in their
pronunciation the air is sucked into the mouth as they are released.
The g is always hard as in English goat vs. the g in gin. Examples:baba 'father
dada 'sister'gumu 'hard' (class 5)
3. f v s zAs in English; s is never pronounced as zFatuma 'girl's name'
fupi 'short' kavu 'dry' vizuri 'well' sasa 'now'
4. m n
As in English. In some cases where they occur before other
consonants, m and n are pronounced as full syllables, but
without inserting a vowel sound either before or after. The
first two examples are syllabic, but not the second two: mtu 'person' nta 'wax'
versusmboga 'vegetable' ndege 'bird, airplane'
5. ny As the ~n in Spanish ma~nana 'tomorrow', or as the segment
ni in English 'onion': nyanya 'grandmother, tomato' ninyi 'you (plural)'
6. ng'
As the ng in English sing (not as in finger), e.g. ng'ombe 'cow, cattle'
7. ch As the first sound in English 'cheek', not as in 'chemist':
chakula 'food' chache 'few'
8. j
As in English job, but without the audible friction associated
with the English consonant. Some speakers of English hear
this sound when pronounced by a native speaker as y,
however, a fairly accurate pronunciation can be achieved by
pronouncing it as the sequence dy: hujambo (hudyambo) 'hello'
jana (dyana) 'yesterday'
9. w y h Some people spell Swahili h with 'kh' which symbolizes a sound
similar to the ch in Scottish loch . This occurs frequently with
Arabic borrowings but is not the practice followed in this manual:
watu 'people' yeye 'the or she' huyu 'this one, this person'
10. r
Swahili r is quite different from the English one; it is similar to
the Spanish tapped r as in pero 'but' or claro 'of course': habari 'news'
heri 'good will, blessings, good wishes'
11. l As in English when in initial position, e.g. 'leak'; second
language speakers tend not to distinguish r and l. lala 'sleep' leo 'today'
12. th As in English thin, think, both: thelathini 'thirty'
13. dh As in English thy, though, then: dhambi 'sin' -dhani 'think'
14. gh
This sound is produced by pronouncing g as a fricative; it is
similar to the the ch in Scottish loch, but voiced: ghala 'storehouse'
ghali 'expensive'
15. sh As in English 'push'. This sound plus kh, dh, and gh are
found in words that have been borrowed into Swahili
predominantly from Arabic. Examples of sh: ishirini 'twenty' mshahara 'salary'
16. mw A combination of m followed immediately by w: mwalimu 'teacher'
mwanafunzi 'student'
17. bw A combination of b and w: bwana 'sir, mr.' mbwa 'dog' Stress
In Swahili stress generally falls on the penultimate syllable:habari 'new'
gani? 'what kind?' msingi 'foundation'
스와힐리어 발음
Swahili______as in English______Examples
a--------------------------ah!-----------------------baba-----"father"
e--------------------------say----------------------wewe----"you"
i---------------------------be------------------------kiti-------"chair"
o--------------------------ho!-----------------------moto----"fire"
u--------------------------too-----------------------tu--------"only, just"
1. p t kThese are similar to English voiceless stops, but they can be
aspirated or unaspirated. That is, speaking the first two words
below would release a burst of air that would rustle a sheet of
paper held in front of the speaker's mouth; for the second set
of words, the sheet of paper would remain still. Generally, initial
p, t, and k of class 9/10 nominals are aspirated in contrast to
initial p, t, and k of class 5 nominals:paa [p(h)aa] 'gazelle'
kaa [k(h)aa] 'crab'versuspaa 'roof' tkaa 'piece of charcoal'
2. b d g
As English voiced stops, but they are imploded, that is, in their
pronunciation the air is sucked into the mouth as they are released.
The g is always hard as in English goat vs. the g in gin. Examples:baba 'father
dada 'sister'gumu 'hard' (class 5)
3. f v s zAs in English; s is never pronounced as zFatuma 'girl's name'
fupi 'short' kavu 'dry' vizuri 'well' sasa 'now'
4. m n
As in English. In some cases where they occur before other
consonants, m and n are pronounced as full syllables, but
without inserting a vowel sound either before or after. The
first two examples are syllabic, but not the second two: mtu 'person' nta 'wax'
versusmboga 'vegetable' ndege 'bird, airplane'
5. ny As the ~n in Spanish ma~nana 'tomorrow', or as the segment
ni in English 'onion': nyanya 'grandmother, tomato' ninyi 'you (plural)'
6. ng'
As the ng in English sing (not as in finger), e.g. ng'ombe 'cow, cattle'
7. ch As the first sound in English 'cheek', not as in 'chemist':
chakula 'food' chache 'few'
8. j
As in English job, but without the audible friction associated
with the English consonant. Some speakers of English hear
this sound when pronounced by a native speaker as y,
however, a fairly accurate pronunciation can be achieved by
pronouncing it as the sequence dy: hujambo (hudyambo) 'hello'
jana (dyana) 'yesterday'
9. w y h Some people spell Swahili h with 'kh' which symbolizes a sound
similar to the ch in Scottish loch . This occurs frequently with
Arabic borrowings but is not the practice followed in this manual:
watu 'people' yeye 'the or she' huyu 'this one, this person'
10. r
Swahili r is quite different from the English one; it is similar to
the Spanish tapped r as in pero 'but' or claro 'of course': habari 'news'
heri 'good will, blessings, good wishes'
11. l As in English when in initial position, e.g. 'leak'; second
language speakers tend not to distinguish r and l. lala 'sleep' leo 'today'
12. th As in English thin, think, both: thelathini 'thirty'
13. dh As in English thy, though, then: dhambi 'sin' -dhani 'think'
14. gh
This sound is produced by pronouncing g as a fricative; it is
similar to the the ch in Scottish loch, but voiced: ghala 'storehouse'
ghali 'expensive'
15. sh As in English 'push'. This sound plus kh, dh, and gh are
found in words that have been borrowed into Swahili
predominantly from Arabic. Examples of sh: ishirini 'twenty' mshahara 'salary'
16. mw A combination of m followed immediately by w: mwalimu 'teacher'
mwanafunzi 'student'
17. bw A combination of b and w: bwana 'sir, mr.' mbwa 'dog' Stress
In Swahili stress generally falls on the penultimate syllable:habari 'new'
gani? 'what kind?' msingi 'foundation'
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